| Salzburg | |||
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| — State of Austria — | |||
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| Country | Austria | ||
| Capital | Salzburg | ||
| Government | |||
| • Governor | Gabi Burgstaller (SPÖ) | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 7,156.03 km2 (2,763 sq mi) | ||
| Population | |||
| • Total | 531,800 | ||
| • Density | 74.3/km2 (192.5/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| ISO 3166 code | AT-5 | ||
| NUTS Region | AT3 | ||
| Votes in Bundesrat | 4 (of 62) | ||
| Website | www.salzburg.gv.at | ||
Salzburg (pronounced [ˈzaltsbʊʁk]; Austro-Bavarian: Såizburg; literally: "Salt Castle") is a state or Land of Austria with an area of 7,156 km2, located adjacent to the German border. It is also known as Salzburgerland, to distinguish it from its capital city, also named Salzburg. With 529,085 inhabitants it is one of the country's smaller states in terms of population.
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The Salzburger Land (the Austrian state of Salzburg) — with its primary river, the Salzach — lies between Upper Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol, South Tyrol (Italy) and Bavaria (Germany).
Running through the south are the main ranges of the Central Alps (incl. the Hohe Tauern mountains) with numerous 3,000m peaks. The Dachstein Massif and the Berchtesgaden Alps border the Salzburger Land to the east and north.
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Salt has played an important role in the region's development; Salzburg means "salt castle".
Independence from Bavaria was secured in the late 14th century. The Archbishopric of Salzburg was an independent prince-bishopric within the Holy Roman Empire until German Mediatisation in 1813.
The territory was secularized and, as the Electorate of Salzburg, given as compensation to Ferdinand III, former Grand Duke of Tuscany, the brother of Emperor Francis II.
Following the Austrian defeat at Austerlitz in 1805, Salzburg was annexed by Austria as compensation for the loss of Tyrol to the Kingdom of Bavaria, and Ferdinand was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg.
After Austria's defeat in 1809, the province was handed over to Bavaria in 1810.
In 1816, following the defeat of Napoleon and the provision of adequate compensation to Bavaria at the Congress of Vienna, it was returned to Austria with the exception of the north-western 'Rupertigau' which remained Bavarian. The Salzburger Land was administered as the department of Salzach from Linz, the capital of Upper Austria. In 1849 the Duchy of Salzburg was established as a crownland of the Austrian Empire and, after 1866, Austria-Hungary.
Salzburg participated in World War I, as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 49,000 Salzburgers were called to arms, of whom 6,000 were killed.[1]
In 1918 after World War I, the Duchy of Salzburg was dissolved and replaced with the State of Salzburg, as a component part initially of German Austria and subsequently of the First Republic of Austria, the separate state which was mandated by the Allied powers. (However, in the November Plebiscite 99% of Salzburgers voted in favor of union with Germany.)
After the plebiscite of 1938, Salzburg and all the territory of Austria decided to belong to the German Reich.
After the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, the Allies occupied the territory of Austria, being recognised as an independent territory under their rule. Salzburgerland was occupied by the United States.
In 1955 Austria was declared independent of the Allies and Salzburg was once again one of the reconstituted federal-states of the second Republik Österreich.
Salzburgerland has its own constitution since 1999, and the government is formed through a Majority system. The election are every five years.
The last results, in March 2009 (compared to 2004) were:
Simon Illner (ÖVP) is the President of the Salzburger Parliament and Gabi Burgstaller (SPÖ) is the president of the Salzburgerland.
In the most recent elections for the European Parliament, in June 2009, these were the results from the state of Salzburg:
Party Average Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) 32.06% Hans-Peter Martin's List 21.08% Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) 19.09% Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) 12.08% Austrian Greens (Die Grünen) 10.12% Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ) 4.37% Young Liberals (JuLis) 0.64% Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) 0.56%
Salzburg comprises five districts, known as Bezirke or vernacularly Gaue:
The city of Salzburg is its own administrative district.
The state is divided into 119 municipalities, including Salzburg. 11 of them have city status (Städte), 24 are market towns (Marktgemeinden) and the other 84 are simple municipalities (Gemeinden). Below it is shown a list of all the municipalities divided per district:
The Salzburg Cathedral was the first Baroque building in the German-speaking artistic world. Two other important buildings initiated by the Salzburg archbishops were Hohenwerfen Castle and Hohensalzburg Fortress. The first Archbishop of Salzburg was Arno of Salzburg (785-821), in whose honor the world-famous hiking circuit — the Arnoweg — is named.
The predominant stylistic elements of Salzburg architecture have their origins in the Baroque and the Rococo periods.
Salzburg's historic "Old Town" was named by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Austrian German is the local written language, and it can be heard, especially in the cities. Austro-Bavarian is also spoken, especially in the rural areas and the common language of the Land Salzburg.
Altenmarkt im Pongau, Flachau, Wagrain, St. Johann, Zell am See (Saalbach-Hinterglemm), Obertauern, Bad Gastein, Rauris, Lofer
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